EAT-Lancet planetary diet shows no dementia risk, may protect against Alzheimer’s

Could a planet -friendly diet also protect your brain? New Studielinks eat-Lancet eating patterns to lower the risk of dementia, but only if your genes participate.

Study: Associations between the Eet-Lancet Planetary Health Diet and Incident Dementia. Image Credit: Marilyn Barbone / Shutterstock

In a recent study in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s DiseaseResearchers used a large (n = 25,898, age = 45-73 years) Swedish cohort to clarify all relationships between the Eet-Lancet diet and the incidence of dementia. The effects of covariates, including Apoe ε4 status, were also estimated. Research results showed that the EAT-Lancet diet does not aggravate the risk of dementia of dementia, instead possibly reduces incident dementia in non-carriers of the Apoe ε4 gene.

Background

Progress in medical research and clinical interventions can live more than ever before. Although the benefits of these claims cannot be underestimated, they have led more of the world’s population that is survived after the reproductive age, which increases the incidence of non-transferable age-related diseases such as cancers and dementia.

To combat the burden of these diseases, various previous and current scientific studies have aimed at unraveling the risk factors related to these diseases, which means that public health agencies are equipped with the knowledge needed to curb their incidence. With the help of these research results, the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention has identified different (n = 14) changable factors that can worsen the risk of dementia, including physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity.

Although the diet is not explicitly mentioned, previous research has confirmed the association with neurodegenerative results. Some ‘healthy’ diets, such as the Mediterranean diet (Medi), have been found to reduce the risk of dementia, while unhealthy diets such as the Western Diet (WD) aggravate it. Surprisingly, the Dementia Risk Associations of the Eat-Lancet Planetary Health Diet (2019) are not tested. The diet is mainly plant-based, so that some experts believe that it can reduce the death risk, while others claim that it can negatively influence brain health through nutritional disorders.

About the study

The current study is intended to validate the neurodegenerative safety of the environmentally friendly sustainable Eat-Lancet Planetary Health diet by investigating its risk associations with dementia incidence. Study data was obtained from the participants of the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), a long -term, extensive (N = 68,905) cohort research of Swedish people who started between 1991 and 1996.

The current analyzes include persons aged 45-73 with full dementia and nutritional data. The collected study data include food assessment, dementia evaluation, genetic risk determination, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation evaluations and sociodemographic information.

The extensive nutrition assessment included the nutritional history of the participants, registered using validated 7-day food days, participant-Completed food frequency frequency lists (FFQ) consisting of 168 items and seven Eat-Lancet Therapieterores. The scores were obtained from earlier publications and were subdivided into ‘proportional scores’ (n = 4), ‘binary scores’ (n = 2) and ‘ordinal scale scores’ (n = 1). Scores were subject to statistical transformations to make comparisons between different methods possible.

The Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) provided dementia and dementia subtype (all causes, vascular dementia [VaD]and Alzheimer’s disease [AD]) Diagnoses. Dementia was classified using the diagnostic and statistical manual for psychological disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the international classification of diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10).

Genetic predisposition for dementia was evaluated with the help of the apolipoprotein E (Apoe) Allelen of the participants as proxy’s, where Apoe ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) served as a binary analysis variable. The cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) of the participants of Aβ42 measured via Innotest Elisa were used for AP -analyzes. SocioDemographic information, in particular Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity levels (17 activities), alcohol consumption, education level and smoking status, was used for potential confound analyzes.

A planetary health plate must consist of volume of about half a plate of fruit and vegetables; The other half, represented by contribution to calories, must mainly consist of full grains, plant protein sources, unsaturated vegetable oils and (optionally) modest amounts of animal sources of proteins. Consult section 1 of the Commission for more information. Image Credit: Eat

Study findings

Of the 68,905 MDCS participants, 30,446 complied with the current study criteria, and 25,898 provided dementia and nutritional information provided. Of these, 6.9% (all cause = 1.783, VAD = 426, AD = 1.040) was reported to develop dementia by 2014 (follow-up time = 18 years) and 11.5% (N = 2,976) by 2020.

Analyzes of dietary dementia association revealed that five out of seven evaluated scores suggested that Eat-Lancet’s compliance was reduced the risk of developing (all cause) dementia. After correction for education as a potential confounder, however, three scores remained statistically significant and after full adaptation for all confounders (including age, gender, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, BMI and energy intake), only one score (the Kesse-Guyot score) remained a significant dementa-riso.

When evaluating the AD risk, one score suggested that therapy compliance of Eat-Lancet diet was positively associated with reduced ad-risk. Again, this important association only remained for the Kesse-Guyot score after full adjustment for all confounders.

None of the models (with or without covariat corrections) suggests that the therapy compliance of Eat-Lancet diet increases the dementia risk, which confirms its safety.

It is important to note that although the effecting was comparable in most scores, the strength and statistical significance of the associations, depending on the score method used to measure compliance with the EAT-Lancet diet. This emphasizes the importance of how therapy compliance is evaluated in such an investigation.

When correcting the Apoe ε4 status of the participants, logistics regression analyzes revealed a combination between food and genetic predisposition for dementia, in particular for non-carriers. Participants in the courier have brought no changes in their risk, but not observed that non-carriers significantly reduce their all cause (three scores) and AD (five scores) risks considerably after therapy compliance of the tab. VAD risks have not demonstrated such associations with genetic status.

No associations were found between the therapy compliance of Eat-Lancet and amyloid-β (Aβ42) pathology, as measured in the Subsample with available CSF data.

The authors also carried out a series of sensitivity analyzes, such as the exclusion of participants with diabetes or those who developed dementia within five years after the basic line, and found similar patterns in results, in support of the robustness of their most important findings.

Conclusions

The current study emphasizes the neurodegenerative safety of the EAT-Lancet diet, which shows that it does not increase the dementia risk in all evaluation tricks. Instead, the diet can significantly reduce dementia (all cause and AD) risks, especially with Apoe ε4-not-carriers.

However, since this was an observational study, however, the findings cannot prove causally and his restrictions are the possibility of remaining confounding, potential incorrect reporting of the intake of diet and changes in the diet during the long follow-up period.

“Although intervention studies are needed to further clarify the impact of the Eat-Lancet diet on the incidence of dementia, the results of this study indicate that environmentalism can be implemented in nutritional guidelines in strategies for dementia prevention.”